Reasons to Join Online Coaching For History By Chahal Academy
Reasons to Join Online Coaching For History By Chahal Academy
- Super Affordable fees:
Reasons to Join Online Coaching For History By Chahal Academy
- Your time, Your Place:
While offline IAS coaching has a fixed schedule, online coaching is flexible. Aspirants can save time because the cost and time of travel are zero. Also, the best part of online coaching is that you can access the best lecturers anytime and anywhere.
- Rescheduling:
One of the biggest advantages of online History optional coaching is that no lecture or topic will be missed. This is possible because you can record your lectures and watch it only whenever you have space and time.
- Experienced Faculty for History Optional course:
Our highly accomplished faculty is lauded for redefining the approach to seeing optional subjects as an easy one if one plays with the justify strategy. You don't have to worry about your optional once you join us. We will guide you all along your preparation journey and mold you for your optional. Once you join us, you become our responsibility!
Chahal Academy's Specialized Online Course for History Optional Subject
This course has been specially designed for those who -
- Are interested in opting for History as optional with or without an academic background in History. We start with the basics and gradually increase the level.
- Are facing problems in correlating and connecting theories and concepts. Our classes are based on the concept of reading texts in a related manner.
- Studied the subject on their own but are facing problems in writing standard answers. We will make your basics clear so you can write lucid answers to the best of your abilities. We polish what you already have in you.
- Are facing challenges in unfolding their knowledge to clear basic notions and theories - Our expert faculty team will clear all your doubts with one on one sessions as well. You will always find somebody to help and guide you and answer all your queries regarding History.
Answer Writing Tips for History:
- The purpose of the History optional paper is for you to gain a deeper and better knowledge of the history of India and the world. So, your answers should reflect a more well-informed and subject-specialist approach. In other words, your answer should look different from the other GS papers because GS papers test your general understanding of the subject whereas you have to showcase your specialty here.
- You may add scholarly views, facts & data from surveys in your optional subject to score well. This will show that you have read relevant authors and thinkers. Also, adding historical jargon provide variety in your answer that helps your answer stand out amongst the entire lot.
- Use of Maps: Questions from maps are a regular trend in Mains. A candidate should start practicing maps, this will also help in other papers as well. You must remember important cities, ports, historical events which took place in which regions, etc. You can buy maps from a local store and practice one or two daily. This will also help you make your answer stand out n case you do not have much content to write about a given topic. Remember, a lot of people will be writing what you write. Your aim should be to write creatively and show how you can explain the same thing in a better way. This is called smart answer writing.
- To add value to the answers and to score well try to interlink the subject with contemporary polity and economy. The importance of interlinking subjects cannot be stressed enough. UPSC doesn't want you to study History as a subject only. Its purpose lies in the fact that everything in this world is interrelated and that should reflect in the answers of the candidates. Your knowledge of Polity/ Economy or even Geography can be used to frame answers for History. The examiner analyzes whether your answer is inclusive of the scenarios affected by the historical narrative.
- You must practice from the previous year's question papers for at least 10 years and develop a habit of writing answers daily. Many of these have been repeated and practicing them makes it easier for a candidate to understand the syllabus and important topics better. Also, when you start answer writing, you will 100% fail to include all the relevant points in one go. This is because you haven't done it before. So, do not beat yourself up about it. You can only master the art of answer writing for History Optional with continuous practice and revisions.
Syllabus for History
PAPER - I
- Sources:
• Archaeological sources: Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monuments.
• Literary sources: Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature, literature in regional languages, religious literature.
• Foreign account: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.
- Pre-History and Proto-history:
• Geographical factors; Hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic); Beginning of agriculture (neolithic and chalcolithic)
- Indus Valley Civilization:
• Origin, date, extent, characteristics-decline, survival and significance, art, and architecture.
- Megalithic Cultures:
• Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Development of community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery, and Iron industry.
- Aryans and Vedic Period:
• Expansions of Aryans in India: Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Transformation from Rig Vedic period to the later Vedic period; Political, social, and economical life; Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system.
- Period of Mahajanapadas:
• Formation of States (Mahajanapada): Republics and monarchies; Rise of urban centers; Trade routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage; Spread of Jainism and Buddism; Rise of Magadha and Nandas. Iranian and Macedonian invasions and their impact.
- Mauryan Empire:
• Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya, and Arthashastra; Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; Polity, Administration, Economy; Art, architecture, and sculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion; Literature. The disintegration of the empire; sungas and Kanvas.
- Post-Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, Western Kshatrapas) :
• Contact with the outside world; growth of urban centers, economy, coinage, development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture, culture, literature, and science.
- Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan, and South India:
• Kharavela, The Satavahanas, the Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration, Economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds, and urban centers; Buddhist centers; Sangam literature and culture; Art and architecture.
- Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:
• Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Land grants, Decline of urban centers, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Position of women, Education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila and Vallabhi, Literature, scientific literature, art, and architecture.
- The regional States during the Gupta Era:
• The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and Administration, Trade guilds, Literature; growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhakti movement, Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and temple architecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity, and administration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, The Chaluky as of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration; Local Government; Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institution of temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy and society.
- Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:
• Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and arch., major thinkers and schools, ideas in Science and Mathematics.
- Early Medieval India, 750-1200:
• Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and the peninsula, origin, and the rise of Rajputs.
• The Cholas: Village economy, and society “Indian Feudalism”.
• Urban settlements.
• Trade and commerce.
• Society: The status of the Brahman and the new social order.
• Condition of women.
• Indian science and technology
- Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:
• Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita, Madhva, and Brahma-Mimansa.
• Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of Bhakti, Islam, and its arrival in India, Sufism.
• Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in the newly developing languages, Kalhan's Rajtarangini, Alberuni's India.
• Art and Architecture: Temple, sculpture, painting.
- The 13th Century:
• Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate.
• The Ghurian invasions - factors behind Ghurian success.
• Economic, Social, and cultural aspects
• Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans.
• The rule of Iltutmish and Balban.
- The 14th Century:
• “The Khalji Revolution”.
• Conquests, Agrarian and economic policies of Alauddin Khalji, Muhammad Tughluq and Firuz Tugluq. Also, their measures, victories, decline, Ibn Battuta's account, etc.
- Society, Culture, and Economy in the 13th and 14th Centuries:
• Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers, women, religious classes, caste and slavery under the Sultanate, Bhakti movement, Sufi movement.
• Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of North India, literature in the languages of South India, Sultanate architecture and new structural forms, painting, the evolution of a composite culture.
• Economy: Agricultural Production, the rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade, and commerce.
- The 15th and Early 16th century - Political Developments and Economy:
• Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat.
• Malwa, Bahmanids.
• The Vijayanagara Empire.
• Lodis.
• Mughal Empire, First phase: Babur, Humayun.
• The Sur Empire: Sher Shah’s administration.
• Portuguese colonial enterprise, Bhakti, and Sufi Movements.
- The 15th and Early 16th Century- Society and culture:
• Regional cultures specificities.
• Literary traditions.
• Provincial architectural.
• Society, culture, literature, and the arts in the Vijayanagara Empire.
- Akbar
• Conquests and consolidation of empire.
• Establishment of jagir and mansab systems.
• Rajput policy, religious outlook, court, art, society, etc.
- Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century:
• Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan, and Aurangzeb.
• The Empire and the Zamindars.
• Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan, and Aurangzeb.
• Nature of the Mughal State.
• Late Seventeenth-Century crisis and the revolts.
• The Ahom kingdom. — Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.
- Economy and society, in the 16th and 17th Centuries:
• Population Agricultural and craft production.
• Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English, and French companies: a trade revolution.
• Indian mercantile classes. Banking, insurance, and credit systems.
• Conditions of peasants, Condition of Women.
• Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth.
- Culture during Mughal Empire:
• Persian histories and other literature.
• Hindi and religious literature.
• Mughal architecture.
• Mughal painting.
• Provincial architecture and painting.
• Classical music.
• Science and technology.
- The Eighteenth Century:
• Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire.
• The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh.
• Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas.
• The Maratha fiscal and financial system.
• The emergence of Afghan power Battle of Panipat, 1761.
• State of, political, cultural, and economic, on eve of the British conquest.
PAPER - II
- European Penetration into India:
The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The English and the French East India Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; Carnatic Wars; Bengal-The conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal; Siraj and the English; The Battle of Plassey; Significance of Plassey.
- British Expansion in India:
Bengal-Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar; Mysore; The Marathas; The three Anglo-Maratha Wars; Punjab.
- Early Structure of the British Raj:
The Early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct control; The Regulating Act (1773); The Pitt's India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833); The Voice of free trade and the changing character of British colonial rule; The English utilitarian and India.
- Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule:
a. Land revenue settlements in British India; Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landless agrarian laborers; State of rural society
b. Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; De-industrialization; Decline of traditional crafts; Drain of wealth; Economic transformation of India; Railroad and network including telegraph and postal services; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European business enterprise and its limitations.
- Social and Cultural Developments:
The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist-Anglicist controversy, The introduction of western education in India; The rise of press, literature, and public opinion; The rise of modern vernacular literature; Progress of science; Christian missionary activities in India.
- Social and Religious Reform Movements in Bengal and Other Areas:
Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement; Devendranath Tagore; Iswarchandra Vidyasagar; The Young Bengal Movement; Dayananda Saraswati; The social reform movements in India including Sati, widow remarriage, child marriage, etc.; The contribution of the Indian renaissance to the growth of modern India; Islamic revivalism-the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements.
- Indian Response to British Rule:
Peasant movement and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries including the Rangpur Dhing (1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion in Malabar (1841-1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Deccan Uprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of 1857 —Origin, character, causes of failure, the consequences; The shift in the character of peasant uprisings in the post-1857 period; the peasant movements of the 1920s and 1930s.
- Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism:
Politics of Association; The Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Safety-valve thesis relating to the birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives of Early Congress; the social composition of early Congress leadership; the Moderates and Extremists; The Partition of Bengal (1905); The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi Movement; The beginning of revolutionary extremism in India.
- Rise of Gandhi
The Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhi's popular appeal; Rowlatt Satyagraha; the Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement; National politics from the end of the Non-cooperation movement to the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement; the two phases of the Civil Disobedience Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; the Round Table Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant Movements; Nationalism and Working-class movements; Women and Indian youth and students in Indian politics (1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries; Cripps Mission; the Quit India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The Cabinet Mission.
- Constitutional Developments in Colonial India between 1858 and 1935.
- Other strands in the National Movement.
The Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P. the Madras Presidency, Outside India. The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, the Congress Socialist Party; the Communist Party of India, other left parties.
- Politics of Separatism
The Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha; Communalism and the politics of partition; Transfer of power; Independence.
- Consolidation as a Nation;
Nehru's Foreign Policy; India and her neighbors (1947-1964); The linguistic reorganization of States (1935-1947); Regionalism and regional inequality; Integration of Princely States; Princes in electoral politics; the Question of National Language.
- Caste and Ethnicity after 1947
Backward Castes and Tribes in post-colonial electoral politics; Dalit movements.
- Economic development and political change
Land reforms; the politics of planning and rural reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post-colonial India; Progress of Science.
- Enlightenment and Modern ideas:
• Major Ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau.
• Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies.
• Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism.
- Origins of Modern Politics :
• European States System.
• American Revolution and the Constitution.
• French Revolution and Aftermath, 1789-1815.
• American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln and the abolition of slavery.
• British Democratic politics, 1815-1850: Parliamentary Reformers, Free Traders, Chartists.
- Industrialization:
- Nation-State System :
• Rise of Nationalism in the 19th century in Germany and Italy
• The disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence of nationalities across the World.
- Imperialism and Colonialism :
• South and South-East Asia.
• Latin America and South Africa.
• Australia
• Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism.
- Revolution and Counter-Revolution :
• 19th Century European revolutions.
• The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921.
• Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy, and Germany.
• The Chinese Revolution of 1949.
- World Wars:
• 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal implications.
• World War I: Causes and Consequences.
• World War II: Causes and Consequences.
- The World after World War II:
• The emergence of Two power blocs.
• The emergence of the Third World and non-alignment.
• UNO and global disputes.
- Liberation from Colonial Rule :
• Latin America-Bolivar.
• Arab World-Egypt.
• Africa-Apartheid to Democracy.
• South-East Asia-Vietnam.
- Decolonization and Underdevelopment :
- Unification of Europe :
- The disintegration of the Soviet Union and the Rise of the Unipolar World :
• Factors leading to the collapse of Soviet Communism and the Soviet Union, 1985-1991.
• Political Changes in East Europe 1989-2001.
• End of the Cold War and US Ascendancy in the World as the lone superpower.
Recommended Sources
Ancient India
Sources:
Books: UPINDER SINGH, BALYAN SIR NOTES
Literary sources
- Prominent travelers and their travel books (upinder singh)
- Focus on Vedic and post-Vedic library works (Upindersingh)
- Secular literature(Balyan sir notes)
- The tradition of Historical writing in India(Balyan sir notes)
Indus Valley Civilization
Books: UPINDER SINGH, BALYAN SIR NOTES, and NCERT
Areas to be focused on: Economic, Social, Religious and cultural life, Various theories related to rise and fall
Vedic Civilization
Books: UPINDER SINGH, BALYAN SIR NOTES
Areas to be focused: The main emphasis needs to be given to the transition from rig Vedic to later Vedic period
Mahajan pada era:
Books: R S SHARMA, BALYAN SIR NOTES
Areas to be focused: The main emphasis on the topic of Jainism and Buddhism, Rise of Magadha.
Mauryan Era
Books: BALYAN SIR NOTES AND IGNOU B.A HISTORY NOTES
Areas to be focused: Rise and fall of Mauryan Empire, Administration, Arthashastra, Foreign policy
Gupta Era & Post-Gupta Era:
Books: Balyan sir notes, R S Sharma, Upinder Singh, IGNOU BA
Medieval India
- Dr. A.L.shrivastava’s: for Delhi Sultanate & Mughal Empire.
- Satish Chandra-History of Medieval India
Modern India :
Reference of books and materials:
Modern India (from 1707–1857)
Books: B L GROVER, BIPIN CHANDRA, SHEKHAR BANDOADHYAY, BALYAN NOTES
The following topics need to be prepared from the above books
- The disintegration of Mughal India
- Rise of Provincial states like Maratha, Mysore, Bengal, Hyderabad
- Socio-economic-political condition of India before the British rule
- Anglo-French rivalry, Duplex, carnations wars
- Battle of Plassey, Buxar: causes and significance
- British rule up to 1857: phases, reforms
Modern India (from 1857-1905)
- British policy: land, police, revenue, education
- 1857 revolt: Bipan Chandra and Balyan sir notes. Remember the causes, significance, and nature of the revolt. Read the views of various Historians about the nature and significance of this revolt.
- Peasant and Tribal uprisings phase: Bipan Chandra, Balyan sir notes
- Colonial rule and reforms: B L Grover and Balyan sir notes
- Foundation of Congress and early phase of congress: Balyan sir's notes.
- Economic critique: Balyan sir notes, B L Grover
- Socio-religious reform movement: Shekhar Bandoadhyay, B L Grover, and Balyan sir notes.
Modern India (from 1905–47)
Books: Bipin Chandra- post Independence, Balyan Sir notes, and Shekhar Bandoadhyay.
Topic to be referred:
- Phases of National movement: Moderate, Extremist, Gandhian, and socialist): causes, nature, objectives, and leaders of these phases.
- Various movements: very important) Swadeshi, NCM, CDM, and Quit India Movement. Read about the distinctive features, causes, and significance of these movements.
- Tribal and Farmer movements.
- Labour, women, and Dalit movements.
- British rule and reforms like the Government of India Act 1935, Round table sessions, etc.
- Important personalities
Modern India (1947–64)
Books: Bipin Chandra- post-Independence and Balyan Sir notes
Topic to be referred:
- Partition and India till 1950: challenges and opportunities.
- The accession of Princely states
- Nehru policies.
- Labour, women, and Dalit movements.
- Tribal, environmental, and women movements after Independence.
- Important personalities
Modern India (from 1905–47)
- Old NCERTs- Arjun Dev
- Mastering Modern World History-Norman Lowe
- Modern Europe and the World- L. Mukherjee
Although you can study History as an optional all by yourself, but proper guidance pays off when you sit for the exam. Experts who have been teaching History almost all their life will teach you in a way that will open doors to understanding new concepts. Many toppers took up History Optional course and they were able to score high. You can visit our center and check the type and quality of teaching we impart. You can also attend our mock classes to be sure before enrolling. Also, it depends on your hard work and dedication to the subject that makes you score well. Whether or not the subject is scoring, is a different argument.