Which of the following statements about a clone of an organism is correct?
Correct Answer:
(B)
A clone is produced asexually
Any organism whose genetic information is identical to that of a parent organism is known as a clone. They have produced asexually and are identical to parent in all Any organism characters. The process to obtain clone is called as cloning. Identical twins are not clones and two clones of an organism are identical.
Ques:
7
In the case of a test-tube baby –
Correct Answer:
(C)
Fertilization takes place outside the mother’s body
Females, who are not able to conceive a natural pregnancy, their eggs are artificially fertilized. The child born by IVF technique is known as ‘Test-tube baby’. Sperm-egg fertilization which is naturally in female fallopian tubes, takes place in petridishes artificially outside of mother’s body. After these fertilized embryos are implanted in the uterus of a female in between 16 to 48 hours for getting new offspring.
Ques:
8
Consider the following effects of genetic engineering:
Disease resistance
Growth promotion
Animal cloning
Human cloning
Of the above, that have been tried with a certain amount of success include:
Correct Answer:
(D)
1, 2 and 3
Through genetic engineering, disease resistance, growth enhancement and animal cloning have been achieved successfully but human cloning has not got proper fruitful results because it is controversial and banned.
Ques:
9
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below:
List-I (Achievement in Genetics)
Discovery of transduction and conjugation in bacteria
Establishing the sex-linked inheritance
Isolation of DNA polymerase from E. coli
Establishing the complete genetic code
List-II (Scientists)
Khorana
Correct Answer:
(D)
Ochoa
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells, discovered in 1946 by Joshua Lederberg and Edward Tatum. Morgan was the first to establish the chromosome theory of inheritance. He used fruit flies with eye colour mutations to demonstrate sex- linked inheritance patterns. Discovered by Arthur Kornberg in 1956, it was the first known DNA polymerase (and, indeed, the first known of any kind of polymerase). It was initially characterized in E. coli and is ubiquitous in prokaryotes. Hargobind Khorana was an Indian-American biochemist who shared the 1968 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for research that helped to show how the order of nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell, control the cell’s synthesis of proteins.
Ques:
10
What is the application of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology?
Correct Answer:
(C)
Reproductive cloning of animals
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) can be used in embryonic stem cell research, or in regenerative medicine where it is sometimes referred to as ‘therapeutic cloning’. It can also be used as the first step in the process of reproductive cloning. The nucleus of the somatic cell is inserted into the enucleated (after removal of nucleus) egg cell.