Detergent and Soap explains the chemistry behind surface-active agents, their molecular structure, cleansing mechanism, and differences in hard and soft water performance.
'Triclosan', considered harmful when exposed to high levels for a long time, is most likely present in which of the following?
Correct Answer:
(D)
Toiletries
Triclosan is a chemical with antibacterial properties. Triclosan is an ingredient added to many consumer products intended to reduce or prevent bacterial contamination. It is added to some antibacterial soaps and body washes, toothpastes, and some cosmetics products. It also can be found in clothing, kitchenware, furniture, and toys. In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) declared that triclosan is not generally recognized as safe and effective for antiseptic products intended for use in health care settings. In 2016, the FDA also banned over-the-counter consumer antiseptic wash products containing triclosan from being marketed to consumers. These products include liquid, foam and gel hand soaps, bar soaps, and body washes. The basis of the ban was that manufacturers haven't proved that triclosan is safe for daily use over a long period.
Ques: 2
Which one of the following is used in the manufacture of soaps?
Correct Answer:
(A) Vegetable oil
Soap is a combination of animal fat or plant oil and caustic soda. When dissolved in water, it breaks dirt away from the surface. The modern soap makers use the fat that has been processed into fatty acids. This eliminates many impurities and it produces water as a by-product instead of glycerine. Many vegetable fats including olive oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil are also used in soap making.
Ques: 3
Soap, removes grease by –
Correct Answer:
(C) Emulsification
Emulsifiers are usually long chain compounds with polar groups for example-soap. The soap molecules consist of two parts- (i) long hydrocarbon chain (C17H35) which is soluble in fat and (ii) dissolved polar parts in water (COO– Na+). During emulsion, the dipolar alkaline group of soap dissolves oil or grease and the polar group get dissolved in water. When rubbed, the greases are suspended in the water in the form of small droplets and flows smoothly with water.
Ques: 4
What is detergent?
Correct Answer:
(D)
Refining agent
A detergent is different from soap. A detergent is a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleaning and refining properties in dilute solutions. The most important ingredients in detergents are chemicals called surfactants. The term detergent by itself refers specifically to laundry detergent or dish detergent as opposed to hand soap or other types of cleaning agents. Detergents are commonly available as a powder or concentrated solutions.
Ques: 5
Detergents used for cleaning clothes are :
Correct Answer:
(D)
Sulfonates
Detergents used for cleaning clothes are usually alkylbenzene sulfonates, a family of compounds that are similar to soap but are more soluble in hard water.
Ques: 6
Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A) : Detergent easily removes oil and dirt from dirty garments.
Reason (R) : Detergent increases the surface tension of water.
Code :
(A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A)
Correct Answer:
(C) is true but (R) is false.
Ques: 7
Consider the following statements:
Assertion (A) : Synthetic detergents can make more lather in hard water.
Reason (R) : Synthetic detergents form soluble calcium and magnesium salts with hard water.
(A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of
(A).
Correct Answer:
(A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of
Detergent by itself refers specifically to laundry detergent or dish detergent as opposed to hand soap or other types of cleaning agents. Detergents are commonly available as a powder or concentrated solutions.