The yellow colour of human urine is due to a pigment called –
Correct Answer:
(B) Urochrome
A pigment urochrome is the reason for the yellow colour of human urine. It is also known as urobilin.
Note: Excretion of average urine in the adult human body is around 1.5 litres per day. About 91-96% of urine consist of water.
Ques: 2
With reference to the work of human kidney, consider the following statements -
After the waste is removed in the kidney, the cleaner blood is sent back through renal artery.
From Bowman's capsule, the filtered liquid passes through tiny tubes where much of the glucose is reabsorbed and sent back to the blood in the renal vein.
Which of these statements is/are correct?
Correct Answer:
(B) only 2
The renal artery carries blood that contains waste products to the nephrons for filtering. After waste products are removed, cleaner blood leaves the kidney by way of the renal vein. Thus, statement 1 is wrong while statement 2 is correct. From Bowman's capsule, the filtered liquid passes through tiny tubes where much of the glucose is reabsorbed and sent back to the blood in the renal vein.
Ques: 3
The process by which blood is purified in human body is called
Correct Answer:
(A) Dialysis
Dialysis is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood and is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with kidney failure. Dialysis filters out unwanted substances and fluids from the blood.
Ques: 4
The dialyzer is used for the work of-
Correct Answer:
(B) Kidney
The treatment options for kidney failure are peritoneal dialysis (PD), hemodialysis and kidney transplant. A dialyzer is an artificial kidney designed to provide controllable transfer of solutes and water across a semipermeable membrane separating flowing blood and dialysate streams.
Ques: 5
Which of the following is correct?
Correct Answer:
(C) All the blood in the body is filtered through the kidneys
Kidneys remove excess organic molecules from the blood and it is by this action that their best-known function is performed–the removal of waste products of metabolism. They serve the body as a natural filter of the blood and remove water-soluble wastes, such as urea and ammonium and they are also responsible for the reabsorption of water, glucose and amino acids.
Ques: 6
The average blood flow through kidneys per minute is
Correct Answer:
(B) 1200 cc
Ques: 7
When kidneys fail to function, there is accumulation of–
Correct Answer:
(D)
Nitrogenous waste products in the blood
Metabolism refers to all of the body's chemical process, the digestion of food and the elimination of waste. The main nitrogenous wastes are ammonia, urea and uric acid. Urea is formed from gluconeogenesis of amino acids. Urea is one of the primary components of urine. When kidneys fail to function, there is accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
Ques: 8
Which of the following is not the normal function of the human kidney?
Correct Answer:
(B) Regulation of sugar level in the blood
The main function of the pancreas is to produce insulin hormones. The pancreas plays an important role in digestion and in regulating blood sugar level in the blood, while other three options are the normal functions of human kidneys.
Ques: 9
The major chemical compound found in human kidney stones is:
Correct Answer:
(C) Calcium oxalate
Calcium oxalate is a chemical compound that forms envelope-shaped crystals, known in plants as raphides. A major constituent of human kidney stones is calcium oxalate.