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Diseases: Causative Pathogens and Their Transmission

Diseases can be caused by a variety of pathogens. These include:

Bacteria

Viruses

Protozoa

Fungi

Diseases are communicable and non-communicable. The diseases which can spread from one person to the other are communicable diseases. For e.g.: COVID- 19, common cold, etc.

Diseases which cannot spread between and among people are called as non-communicable diseases. For e.g.: heart disease, diabetes, cancer, etc.

Some ways in which communicable diseases spread are by:

Physical contact with an infected person, e.g., through touch (staphylococcus), sexual contact (gonorrhoea, HIV), faecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A), or droplet (influenza)

Contact with a contaminated surfaces or objects (Norovirus), food (salmonella, E. coli), blood (HIV, Hepatitis B), or water (Botulism)

Insect or animal bites capable of transmitting the disease (Malaria caused by mosquitos and Lyme disease caused by tick bites) Airborne, such as tuberculosis or measles.