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Modern Nationalism: The 19th Century
The 19th century is regarded as a century of nationalism – a period in which the idea of the nation and nation-state based on Britain and France was generalized and perceived as the universal principle for modern societies.
A significant shift in attitudes toward nationality and nationalism occurred in the late 19th century, driven by the rise of mass political movements during the era of democratic politics. After 1880, the national question gained prominence as political parties sought to mobilize voters and attract support for emerging ideologies, including those of socialists and various linguistic and national minorities. In the later phases of mass politics and national movements, the state began to play a more active and influential role.